Block #3,011,764

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/16/2019, 8:41:06 AM · Difficulty 11.1768 · 3,827,492 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a0cf8d8b43c8e2b7ed9f5d26b9b4d820b2941103bfe2cc0459da685e914956ea

Height

#3,011,764

Difficulty

11.176849

Transactions

8

Size

3.42 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b2d4600

Nonce

1,286,774,576

Timestamp

1/16/2019, 8:41:06 AM

Confirmations

3,827,492

Merkle Root

374b25c5bee0207cf4461d6a39405159f9d58ad4483570e596aa964fe4a5a194
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.556 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15568170726210347934…11782427553975156819
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.556 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15568170726210347934…11782427553975156819
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.556 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15568170726210347934…11782427553975156821
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.113 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31136341452420695868…23564855107950313639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.113 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31136341452420695868…23564855107950313641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.227 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62272682904841391737…47129710215900627279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.227 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62272682904841391737…47129710215900627281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.245 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12454536580968278347…94259420431801254559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.245 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12454536580968278347…94259420431801254561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.490 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24909073161936556694…88518840863602509119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.490 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24909073161936556694…88518840863602509121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.981 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
49818146323873113389…77037681727205018239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,958,332 XPM·at block #6,839,255 · updates every 60s
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