Block #3,011,753

2CCLength 11★★★☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 1/16/2019, 8:32:25 AM · Difficulty 11.1764 · 3,830,653 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
85ab367535af1f0e6b7dc9b8387db0a5b433376b4e0516c01e83cfb526b657ca

Height

#3,011,753

Difficulty

11.176408

Transactions

6

Size

1.97 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b2d2910

Nonce

1,052,179,545

Timestamp

1/16/2019, 8:32:25 AM

Confirmations

3,830,653

Merkle Root

fef2c035e0cfa75e4534652eff4b2643d46400b7bcaf34beb84567adbaa461ca
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.855 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28550351632068454853…85393551642926759681
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.855 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28550351632068454853…85393551642926759681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
5.710 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
57100703264136909706…70787103285853519361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.142 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11420140652827381941…41574206571707038721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.284 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22840281305654763882…83148413143414077441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.568 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
45680562611309527765…66296826286828154881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
9.136 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
91361125222619055530…32593652573656309761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.827 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18272225044523811106…65187305147312619521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.654 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
36544450089047622212…30374610294625239041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
7.308 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
73088900178095244424…60749220589250478081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.461 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14617780035619048884…21498441178500956161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
2.923 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29235560071238097769…42996882357001912321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,983,660 XPM·at block #6,842,405 · updates every 60s
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