Block #3,009,706

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 1/14/2019, 8:03:26 PM · Difficulty 11.1993 · 3,829,557 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
16c281485af9d56961486b04935c3fc95bbf276c7ae77319f24c221bdee9ceba

Height

#3,009,706

Difficulty

11.199289

Transactions

25

Size

5.93 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b3304a0

Nonce

1,013,017,361

Timestamp

1/14/2019, 8:03:26 PM

Confirmations

3,829,557

Merkle Root

2e9f19f9f8aa8fecca36c5eb859404d126c4126f989dc02ac62b229c6e176186
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.950 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49500934502630903553…47911907446302248961
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.950 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49500934502630903553…47911907446302248961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.900 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
99001869005261807106…95823814892604497921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.980 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19800373801052361421…91647629785208995841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.960 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39600747602104722842…83295259570417991681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.920 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
79201495204209445684…66590519140835983361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.584 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15840299040841889136…33181038281671966721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.168 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31680598081683778273…66362076563343933441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.336 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
63361196163367556547…32724153126687866881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.267 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12672239232673511309…65448306253375733761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.534 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
25344478465347022619…30896612506751467521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
5.068 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
50688956930694045238…61793225013502935041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
1.013 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10137791386138809047…23586450027005870081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,958,387 XPM·at block #6,839,262 · updates every 60s
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