Block #3,009,072

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/14/2019, 9:00:15 AM · Difficulty 11.2036 · 3,829,205 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e5b0d99d6bebdd348f579edd9483b06a2adaf326a04ca672d53d0276141fcee3

Height

#3,009,072

Difficulty

11.203630

Transactions

14

Size

4.49 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b34211c

Nonce

1,463,204,466

Timestamp

1/14/2019, 9:00:15 AM

Confirmations

3,829,205

Merkle Root

5dee52e78e9063d3a86b919408538a238780cd09d5e68344715b3108b861fc6d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.863 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18637585390910205714…40455591859345431999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.863 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18637585390910205714…40455591859345431999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.863 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18637585390910205714…40455591859345432001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.727 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37275170781820411429…80911183718690863999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.727 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37275170781820411429…80911183718690864001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.455 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
74550341563640822859…61822367437381727999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.455 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
74550341563640822859…61822367437381728001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.491 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14910068312728164571…23644734874763455999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.491 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14910068312728164571…23644734874763456001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.982 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29820136625456329143…47289469749526911999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.982 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29820136625456329143…47289469749526912001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.964 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
59640273250912658287…94578939499053823999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,950,496 XPM·at block #6,838,276 · updates every 60s
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