Block #3,007,536

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/13/2019, 7:01:19 AM · Difficulty 11.2071 · 3,830,973 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
131781439c40cc42ee1ba9cdb65d8e977d6c222d3fa89f68316e667cad9c0f5e

Height

#3,007,536

Difficulty

11.207089

Transactions

17

Size

4.52 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b3503d1

Nonce

692,241,433

Timestamp

1/13/2019, 7:01:19 AM

Confirmations

3,830,973

Merkle Root

c3c6d152e74743498890759bf972b3ad6e0fa13ec580c79fafbff15e38f173ae
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.202 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
42029872439093149779…56774742974309212159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.202 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
42029872439093149779…56774742974309212159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.202 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
42029872439093149779…56774742974309212161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.405 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
84059744878186299559…13549485948618424319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.405 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
84059744878186299559…13549485948618424321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.681 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16811948975637259911…27098971897236848639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.681 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16811948975637259911…27098971897236848641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.362 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
33623897951274519823…54197943794473697279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.362 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
33623897951274519823…54197943794473697281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.724 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
67247795902549039647…08395887588947394559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.724 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
67247795902549039647…08395887588947394561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.344 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13449559180509807929…16791775177894789119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,952,347 XPM·at block #6,838,508 · updates every 60s
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