Block #300,712

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/8/2013, 6:09:43 PM · Difficulty 9.9924 · 6,505,569 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5a93a63cee9826dc6d984be7ccd3d5f3824bc33cebff9698a9d016c159445d73

Height

#300,712

Difficulty

9.992380

Transactions

9

Size

2.21 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe0c9f

Nonce

189,401

Timestamp

12/8/2013, 6:09:43 PM

Confirmations

6,505,569

Merkle Root

9193d2acdae986ee3633c856b7c5c13651c585cfe175a2a079a2e48cbe8c8787
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.868 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
78687208633921808824…55586616421581615999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.868 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
78687208633921808824…55586616421581615999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.868 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
78687208633921808824…55586616421581616001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.573 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
15737441726784361764…11173232843163231999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.573 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
15737441726784361764…11173232843163232001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.147 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
31474883453568723529…22346465686326463999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.147 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
31474883453568723529…22346465686326464001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.294 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
62949766907137447059…44692931372652927999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.294 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
62949766907137447059…44692931372652928001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.258 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12589953381427489411…89385862745305855999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.258 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12589953381427489411…89385862745305856001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,694,334 XPM·at block #6,806,280 · updates every 60s
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