Block #3,007,025

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/12/2019, 11:04:03 PM · Difficulty 11.2021 · 3,836,372 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
98d7f9c609dd76c90e4f06872ac9dbb33878aef0895cb5187bb4a1c79a6b364a

Height

#3,007,025

Difficulty

11.202098

Transactions

33

Size

8.23 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b33bcb0

Nonce

714,309,282

Timestamp

1/12/2019, 11:04:03 PM

Confirmations

3,836,372

Merkle Root

7dd514d2ec02052c1b5ea24fb23d454dd6e0e4df2c6eb3067c93cd7a0d32b586
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.906 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
39062947292791092904…98931458102679633919
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.906 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
39062947292791092904…98931458102679633919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.906 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
39062947292791092904…98931458102679633921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.812 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
78125894585582185809…97862916205359267839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.812 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
78125894585582185809…97862916205359267841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.562 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15625178917116437161…95725832410718535679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.562 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15625178917116437161…95725832410718535681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.125 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
31250357834232874323…91451664821437071359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.125 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
31250357834232874323…91451664821437071361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.250 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
62500715668465748647…82903329642874142719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.250 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
62500715668465748647…82903329642874142721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.250 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12500143133693149729…65806659285748285439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,991,540 XPM·at block #6,843,396 · updates every 60s
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