Block #300,676

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/8/2013, 5:34:21 PM · Difficulty 9.9924 · 6,515,524 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1b76518c782179eff5fe77877f5ce9a9214ffd270eb9970201ebf263b049cc50

Height

#300,676

Difficulty

9.992376

Transactions

19

Size

4.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe0c60

Nonce

33,477

Timestamp

12/8/2013, 5:34:21 PM

Confirmations

6,515,524

Merkle Root

ebf432a3de79f555c74a90114b0afcdb6bcbc3bd136247ad1f7cf47889560053
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.475 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34750253761304543623…02879873701948867399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.475 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34750253761304543623…02879873701948867399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.475 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34750253761304543623…02879873701948867401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.950 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69500507522609087247…05759747403897734799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.950 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69500507522609087247…05759747403897734801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.390 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13900101504521817449…11519494807795469599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.390 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13900101504521817449…11519494807795469601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.780 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27800203009043634899…23038989615590939199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.780 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27800203009043634899…23038989615590939201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.560 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55600406018087269798…46077979231181878399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,773,726 XPM·at block #6,816,199 · updates every 60s
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