Block #3,005,387

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/11/2019, 8:03:32 PM · Difficulty 11.1991 · 3,838,327 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
28f7d8a8c6e703f4c322b0704bfc7be7f48a3e6b31cf04c4361db9c4b48eb66c

Height

#3,005,387

Difficulty

11.199081

Transactions

20

Size

4.90 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b32f6fa

Nonce

623,985,060

Timestamp

1/11/2019, 8:03:32 PM

Confirmations

3,838,327

Merkle Root

34db8a7dbd681e37c9aaaa4df31b1f88a0a34db3a83b3cb0ff1a940de07f5095
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.862 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18624791339408958931…94315225865744386559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.862 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18624791339408958931…94315225865744386559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.862 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18624791339408958931…94315225865744386561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.724 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
37249582678817917863…88630451731488773119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.724 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
37249582678817917863…88630451731488773121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.449 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
74499165357635835727…77260903462977546239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.449 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
74499165357635835727…77260903462977546241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.489 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14899833071527167145…54521806925955092479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.489 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14899833071527167145…54521806925955092481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.979 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29799666143054334291…09043613851910184959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.979 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29799666143054334291…09043613851910184961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.959 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59599332286108668582…18087227703820369919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,994,083 XPM·at block #6,843,713 · updates every 60s
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