Block #3,003,744

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/10/2019, 3:46:46 PM · Difficulty 11.2075 · 3,833,178 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a8cf7c54091d45c22411994e5fd772d19bbbfe1410e72ac8c7b28c62d6664511

Height

#3,003,744

Difficulty

11.207477

Transactions

26

Size

6.16 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b351d38

Nonce

744,910,297

Timestamp

1/10/2019, 3:46:46 PM

Confirmations

3,833,178

Merkle Root

a60406cbb1d35b279f2c9a869f9192b64731198d9b187ec21b9e22cc40edd234
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.283 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12838455691848483284…37103543744027688959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.283 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12838455691848483284…37103543744027688959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.283 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12838455691848483284…37103543744027688961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.567 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25676911383696966568…74207087488055377919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.567 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25676911383696966568…74207087488055377921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.135 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
51353822767393933137…48414174976110755839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.135 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
51353822767393933137…48414174976110755841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.027 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10270764553478786627…96828349952221511679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.027 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10270764553478786627…96828349952221511681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.054 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
20541529106957573254…93656699904443023359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.054 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
20541529106957573254…93656699904443023361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.108 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
41083058213915146509…87313399808886046719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,939,671 XPM·at block #6,836,921 · updates every 60s
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