Block #300,160

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/8/2013, 10:22:33 AM · Difficulty 9.9922 · 6,502,885 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5b441f3a72d7a5e4a9f651d1e97d637c3ae739e72e076ec9dc82afda84fa9ff7

Height

#300,160

Difficulty

9.992230

Transactions

15

Size

14.24 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe02ce

Nonce

19,607

Timestamp

12/8/2013, 10:22:33 AM

Confirmations

6,502,885

Merkle Root

1f39829f90ce3987d535ce3f56618f911c2904be997fc6a910bd5ec76de269aa
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.766 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17669113377562227565…29950815594679285759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.766 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17669113377562227565…29950815594679285759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.766 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17669113377562227565…29950815594679285761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.533 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35338226755124455130…59901631189358571519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.533 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35338226755124455130…59901631189358571521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.067 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70676453510248910260…19803262378717143039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.067 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70676453510248910260…19803262378717143041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.413 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14135290702049782052…39606524757434286079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.413 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14135290702049782052…39606524757434286081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.827 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28270581404099564104…79213049514868572159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,668,393 XPM·at block #6,803,044 · updates every 60s
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