Block #300,072

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/8/2013, 9:18:08 AM · Difficulty 9.9922 · 6,524,961 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
bbffba950302f35c1a13412c6f38c634231678bc051a538ed0dd1426d39f7b80

Height

#300,072

Difficulty

9.992193

Transactions

18

Size

4.67 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe005b

Nonce

348,037

Timestamp

12/8/2013, 9:18:08 AM

Confirmations

6,524,961

Merkle Root

2bd6a892f2bd75f05290f23495f9390aca52d8ef2a8739dd40c5ae9a6523577a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.009 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
10094778912946855379…52562927014795530879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.009 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
10094778912946855379…52562927014795530879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.009 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
10094778912946855379…52562927014795530881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.018 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
20189557825893710758…05125854029591061759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.018 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
20189557825893710758…05125854029591061761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.037 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
40379115651787421516…10251708059182123519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.037 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
40379115651787421516…10251708059182123521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.075 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
80758231303574843032…20503416118364247039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.075 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
80758231303574843032…20503416118364247041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.615 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
16151646260714968606…41006832236728494079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,844,347 XPM·at block #6,825,032 · updates every 60s
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