Block #300,065

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/8/2013, 9:10:44 AM · Difficulty 9.9922 · 6,510,986 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ae63eb8772520dcc6c6f2c16f646dd865ee04485a9efa25fcfcf43c3d447e382

Height

#300,065

Difficulty

9.992195

Transactions

23

Size

14.06 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe0084

Nonce

3,583

Timestamp

12/8/2013, 9:10:44 AM

Confirmations

6,510,986

Merkle Root

2a8bafa22ca6d96bc0e7e3d252e175384820fe790e12d43b80fc723b778331c0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.783 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
37831890690587597141…33665738850915239119
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.783 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
37831890690587597141…33665738850915239119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.783 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
37831890690587597141…33665738850915239121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.566 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
75663781381175194283…67331477701830478239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.566 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
75663781381175194283…67331477701830478241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.513 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
15132756276235038856…34662955403660956479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.513 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
15132756276235038856…34662955403660956481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.026 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
30265512552470077713…69325910807321912959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.026 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
30265512552470077713…69325910807321912961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.053 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
60531025104940155426…38651821614643825919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.053 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
60531025104940155426…38651821614643825921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,732,520 XPM·at block #6,811,050 · updates every 60s
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