Block #299,842

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/8/2013, 5:49:46 AM · Difficulty 9.9922 · 6,525,472 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
91fc0c444a299ca8d067db06acfee25a8ec2ae1be6090e4e638d4ee8629813cd

Height

#299,842

Difficulty

9.992152

Transactions

10

Size

3.60 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdfda7

Nonce

20,232

Timestamp

12/8/2013, 5:49:46 AM

Confirmations

6,525,472

Merkle Root

372a33eab3ae41d18ed86f2d95a8a2a8571901d7c4457933eaa20fb0e1678e41
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.797 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
87975258306895951307…92389175778910879999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.797 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
87975258306895951307…92389175778910879999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.797 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
87975258306895951307…92389175778910880001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.759 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17595051661379190261…84778351557821759999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.759 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17595051661379190261…84778351557821760001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.519 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35190103322758380522…69556703115643519999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.519 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35190103322758380522…69556703115643520001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.038 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70380206645516761045…39113406231287039999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.038 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70380206645516761045…39113406231287040001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.407 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14076041329103352209…78226812462574079999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.407 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14076041329103352209…78226812462574080001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,846,615 XPM·at block #6,825,313 · updates every 60s
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