Block #299,802

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/8/2013, 5:19:08 AM · Difficulty 9.9921 · 6,542,941 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6b17479e9cd517a6d86bc7e4efa5d93b9d0ecea43d76f4fbef696c2c72a0bdea

Height

#299,802

Difficulty

9.992135

Transactions

14

Size

3.50 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdfc8a

Nonce

76,746

Timestamp

12/8/2013, 5:19:08 AM

Confirmations

6,542,941

Merkle Root

42ece3a491e5ef0065542230dac4174f86d465423f9a18b4276d0e4b192d8353
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.002 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50021721216100131145…42145305001187201039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.002 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50021721216100131145…42145305001187201039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.002 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50021721216100131145…42145305001187201041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.000 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10004344243220026229…84290610002374402079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.000 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10004344243220026229…84290610002374402081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.000 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20008688486440052458…68581220004748804159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.000 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20008688486440052458…68581220004748804161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.001 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
40017376972880104916…37162440009497608319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.001 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
40017376972880104916…37162440009497608321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.003 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
80034753945760209833…74324880018995216639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.003 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
80034753945760209833…74324880018995216641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,986,280 XPM·at block #6,842,742 · updates every 60s
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