Block #299,301

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/7/2013, 9:17:34 PM · Difficulty 9.9921 · 6,513,053 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
e166e90fca3cd0367ce456bdac87d75731d10141d8c640867a81f1a2e9bb890a

Height

#299,301

Difficulty

9.992089

Transactions

4

Size

2.60 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdf98b

Nonce

10,146

Timestamp

12/7/2013, 9:17:34 PM

Confirmations

6,513,053

Merkle Root

e77fdc7839de8cf54abf92c3df70e686352db126f652deab2f56db3d027796d4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.070 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
20702071348318896972…27905622830796847001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.070 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
20702071348318896972…27905622830796847001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.140 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
41404142696637793945…55811245661593694001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.280 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
82808285393275587891…11622491323187388001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.656 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
16561657078655117578…23244982646374776001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.312 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
33123314157310235156…46489965292749552001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.624 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
66246628314620470313…92979930585499104001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.324 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13249325662924094062…85959861170998208001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.649 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
26498651325848188125…71919722341996416001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.299 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
52997302651696376250…43839444683992832001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,742,853 XPM·at block #6,812,353 · updates every 60s
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