Block #299,286

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/7/2013, 9:06:29 PM · Difficulty 9.9921 · 6,508,681 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
30443f65d0e85aeb9eebc62ea99a51f3b9dbadcdf00342a231999de1788ce3e8

Height

#299,286

Difficulty

9.992083

Transactions

6

Size

1.75 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdf924

Nonce

24,552

Timestamp

12/7/2013, 9:06:29 PM

Confirmations

6,508,681

Merkle Root

2f7e5b2354621fac563014285cac165b607caa8c2f9820a982e169ac3e70ab90
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.244 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
92443823297191635934…64921948635349958239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.244 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
92443823297191635934…64921948635349958239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.244 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
92443823297191635934…64921948635349958241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.848 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
18488764659438327186…29843897270699916479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.848 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
18488764659438327186…29843897270699916481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.697 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
36977529318876654373…59687794541399832959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.697 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
36977529318876654373…59687794541399832961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.395 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
73955058637753308747…19375589082799665919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.395 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
73955058637753308747…19375589082799665921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.479 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14791011727550661749…38751178165599331839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.479 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14791011727550661749…38751178165599331841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,707,779 XPM·at block #6,807,966 · updates every 60s
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