Block #299,205

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/7/2013, 7:50:32 PM · Difficulty 9.9921 · 6,504,608 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6213e81b0c779fb49d28cefd23fe49a973227dc02d3f5fe3a6454fd20f7ac8e6

Height

#299,205

Difficulty

9.992069

Transactions

8

Size

26.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdf844

Nonce

8,053

Timestamp

12/7/2013, 7:50:32 PM

Confirmations

6,504,608

Merkle Root

b3c0bbe5af35cc42450ac7cd2c0363a2b21a5a93a2e29aff0c941e4cc120f746
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.797 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
37972699516007480864…53944684944574638399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.797 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
37972699516007480864…53944684944574638399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.797 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
37972699516007480864…53944684944574638401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.594 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
75945399032014961729…07889369889149276799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.594 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
75945399032014961729…07889369889149276801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.518 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15189079806402992345…15778739778298553599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.518 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15189079806402992345…15778739778298553601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.037 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30378159612805984691…31557479556597107199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.037 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30378159612805984691…31557479556597107201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.075 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
60756319225611969383…63114959113194214399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.075 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
60756319225611969383…63114959113194214401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,674,548 XPM·at block #6,803,812 · updates every 60s
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