Block #298,998

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/7/2013, 4:34:35 PM · Difficulty 9.9920 · 6,517,838 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2fcbfc520ae8e3f51dbff8e709e5fd72e2ba7b1b0057364c307a91e6fbaa7e1f

Height

#298,998

Difficulty

9.992045

Transactions

12

Size

10.68 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdf6ad

Nonce

21,957

Timestamp

12/7/2013, 4:34:35 PM

Confirmations

6,517,838

Merkle Root

2aba2f0e62f2141f56cc6292acee0090fe4a0f7119f37c307da1b1ff36652752
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.833 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28339685762179445387…80338769354535680319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.833 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28339685762179445387…80338769354535680319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.833 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28339685762179445387…80338769354535680321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.667 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56679371524358890774…60677538709071360639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.667 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56679371524358890774…60677538709071360641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.133 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11335874304871778154…21355077418142721279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.133 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11335874304871778154…21355077418142721281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.267 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22671748609743556309…42710154836285442559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.267 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22671748609743556309…42710154836285442561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.534 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
45343497219487112619…85420309672570885119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.534 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
45343497219487112619…85420309672570885121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,778,729 XPM·at block #6,816,835 · updates every 60s
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