Block #298,890

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/7/2013, 2:52:11 PM · Difficulty 9.9920 · 6,504,856 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
713c243fd7b955db02fa67c3e3e9034401df74cb4820f1b96dbee9e954cc922e

Height

#298,890

Difficulty

9.992041

Transactions

6

Size

2.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdf66b

Nonce

75,778

Timestamp

12/7/2013, 2:52:11 PM

Confirmations

6,504,856

Merkle Root

904d4eda329062bce0ab010a99a7fd03fe90fbb644bce9468500e2ecae4a0d6e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.084 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
40841885609591857242…72130620308438475699
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.084 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
40841885609591857242…72130620308438475699
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.084 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
40841885609591857242…72130620308438475701
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.168 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
81683771219183714484…44261240616876951399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.168 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
81683771219183714484…44261240616876951401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.633 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16336754243836742896…88522481233753902799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.633 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16336754243836742896…88522481233753902801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.267 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
32673508487673485793…77044962467507805599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.267 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
32673508487673485793…77044962467507805601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.534 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
65347016975346971587…54089924935015611199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.534 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
65347016975346971587…54089924935015611201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,674,006 XPM·at block #6,803,745 · updates every 60s
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