Block #298,671

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/7/2013, 11:37:23 AM · Difficulty 9.9920 · 6,511,606 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
80bb07c58f0c9cebfffa4b471cfcdc795fc3d5efc1076a67632bc345db4344f5

Height

#298,671

Difficulty

9.991990

Transactions

14

Size

13.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdf30d

Nonce

88,114

Timestamp

12/7/2013, 11:37:23 AM

Confirmations

6,511,606

Merkle Root

b831fe4f4932a013e4d4226060d8841b29b9d0ef773ed878e0fb538f4ddd7094
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.141 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
91410014120310845751…21691816099705528559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.141 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
91410014120310845751…21691816099705528559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.141 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
91410014120310845751…21691816099705528561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.828 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
18282002824062169150…43383632199411057119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.828 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
18282002824062169150…43383632199411057121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.656 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
36564005648124338300…86767264398822114239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.656 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
36564005648124338300…86767264398822114241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.312 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
73128011296248676601…73534528797644228479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.312 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
73128011296248676601…73534528797644228481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.462 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
14625602259249735320…47069057595288456959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.462 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
14625602259249735320…47069057595288456961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,726,289 XPM·at block #6,810,276 · updates every 60s
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