Block #298,508

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/7/2013, 9:24:10 AM · Difficulty 9.9919 · 6,511,101 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8528378597704eb27a8d25187372068af54ede6c098603701f1fa91c331ae91b

Height

#298,508

Difficulty

9.991937

Transactions

21

Size

4.72 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdef8f

Nonce

18,724

Timestamp

12/7/2013, 9:24:10 AM

Confirmations

6,511,101

Merkle Root

be2690141b1874476396f0b2901f9729a0be5f2f4902f2a7ab0809406604e87f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.174 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11745579336675762751…06633662836231078399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.174 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11745579336675762751…06633662836231078399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.174 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11745579336675762751…06633662836231078401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.349 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23491158673351525503…13267325672462156799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.349 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23491158673351525503…13267325672462156801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.698 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46982317346703051006…26534651344924313599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.698 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46982317346703051006…26534651344924313601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.396 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93964634693406102013…53069302689848627199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.396 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93964634693406102013…53069302689848627201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.879 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18792926938681220402…06138605379697254399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,720,948 XPM·at block #6,809,608 · updates every 60s
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