Block #298,278

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/7/2013, 6:44:11 AM · Difficulty 9.9919 · 6,505,479 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d7825f3bd687c343fb26f15210d8bc9be913232cb5ac37df8c019e635c393baf

Height

#298,278

Difficulty

9.991918

Transactions

16

Size

11.69 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdee55

Nonce

114,037

Timestamp

12/7/2013, 6:44:11 AM

Confirmations

6,505,479

Merkle Root

150b6b3ada3f0704b3309271bca95ab58783e364fe1cc01318e9b7787f0dd2f2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.661 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
16618462126404407389…91377604116044171009
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.661 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
16618462126404407389…91377604116044171009
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.661 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
16618462126404407389…91377604116044171011
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.323 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
33236924252808814779…82755208232088342019
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.323 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
33236924252808814779…82755208232088342021
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.647 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
66473848505617629559…65510416464176684039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.647 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
66473848505617629559…65510416464176684041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.329 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13294769701123525911…31020832928353368079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.329 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13294769701123525911…31020832928353368081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.658 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26589539402247051823…62041665856706736159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.658 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26589539402247051823…62041665856706736161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,674,096 XPM·at block #6,803,756 · updates every 60s
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