Block #298,165

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/7/2013, 3:49:40 AM · Difficulty 9.9919 · 6,527,532 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cb2dfb444e3121fb003786fba351b2c766f175d442e604d061c26161ab7f32a9

Height

#298,165

Difficulty

9.991911

Transactions

8

Size

2.76 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdeddd

Nonce

17,964

Timestamp

12/7/2013, 3:49:40 AM

Confirmations

6,527,532

Merkle Root

88e2821e53c2f198850f42fccdc3efe6c2b4d9c70fd39dc2f4ebfb8d9254a910
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.911 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19111224180805218828…20458888562141759999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.911 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19111224180805218828…20458888562141759999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.911 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19111224180805218828…20458888562141760001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.822 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
38222448361610437656…40917777124283519999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.822 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
38222448361610437656…40917777124283520001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.644 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
76444896723220875313…81835554248567039999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.644 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
76444896723220875313…81835554248567040001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.528 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15288979344644175062…63671108497134079999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.528 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15288979344644175062…63671108497134080001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.057 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30577958689288350125…27342216994268159999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.057 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30577958689288350125…27342216994268160001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,849,688 XPM·at block #6,825,696 · updates every 60s
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