Block #297,840

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2013, 8:54:09 PM · Difficulty 9.9920 · 6,509,617 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8e48b86a0703b2176ba67d04dcb96621f0dcc88cfec0cb1cf1c2f29f5f6d85ee

Height

#297,840

Difficulty

9.992043

Transactions

11

Size

2.84 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdf688

Nonce

56,740

Timestamp

12/6/2013, 8:54:09 PM

Confirmations

6,509,617

Merkle Root

637ea0e2c43ef7d0064d3a155fb383d78f7d45eed3454f332b6c0ef283c9229f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.083 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10839051546054770581…51474170313450076159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.083 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10839051546054770581…51474170313450076159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.083 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10839051546054770581…51474170313450076161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.167 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
21678103092109541163…02948340626900152319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.167 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
21678103092109541163…02948340626900152321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.335 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43356206184219082326…05896681253800304639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.335 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43356206184219082326…05896681253800304641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.671 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
86712412368438164653…11793362507600609279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.671 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
86712412368438164653…11793362507600609281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.734 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17342482473687632930…23586725015201218559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.734 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17342482473687632930…23586725015201218561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,703,680 XPM·at block #6,807,456 · updates every 60s
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