Block #297,658

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2013, 6:05:40 PM · Difficulty 9.9920 · 6,501,538 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e848daa2474854ad280333401ef6adfdb315557114818004d7d3b66b903f4a24

Height

#297,658

Difficulty

9.992012

Transactions

13

Size

9.98 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdf485

Nonce

74,673

Timestamp

12/6/2013, 6:05:40 PM

Confirmations

6,501,538

Merkle Root

f47d297df1a6c0901bc31ab5c170d014fbc18d0bf06c79c4c9d78302dedb9a74
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.686 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
26866533282120687157…01878388262844728319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.686 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
26866533282120687157…01878388262844728319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.686 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
26866533282120687157…01878388262844728321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.373 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
53733066564241374314…03756776525689456639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.373 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
53733066564241374314…03756776525689456641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.074 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10746613312848274862…07513553051378913279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.074 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10746613312848274862…07513553051378913281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.149 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
21493226625696549725…15027106102757826559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.149 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
21493226625696549725…15027106102757826561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.298 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
42986453251393099451…30054212205515653119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.298 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
42986453251393099451…30054212205515653121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,637,608 XPM·at block #6,799,195 · updates every 60s
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