Block #297,602

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2013, 5:23:22 PM · Difficulty 9.9920 · 6,496,685 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8365a840309bc73e82cc82bc0fd74a24ef3f9b48ccc72ffd0b54f177a92d4d70

Height

#297,602

Difficulty

9.991994

Transactions

16

Size

4.48 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdf351

Nonce

34,025

Timestamp

12/6/2013, 5:23:22 PM

Confirmations

6,496,685

Merkle Root

060b0e5079a0e94307532066099fdaa5c37dd166d7b7525cec759085807b8e07
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.237 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
62373894733423260109…49982232318523656319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.237 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
62373894733423260109…49982232318523656319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.237 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
62373894733423260109…49982232318523656321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.247 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12474778946684652021…99964464637047312639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.247 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12474778946684652021…99964464637047312641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.494 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
24949557893369304043…99928929274094625279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.494 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
24949557893369304043…99928929274094625281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.989 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
49899115786738608087…99857858548189250559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.989 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
49899115786738608087…99857858548189250561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.979 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
99798231573477216175…99715717096378501119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.979 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
99798231573477216175…99715717096378501121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,598,326 XPM·at block #6,794,286 · updates every 60s
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