Block #297,353

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2013, 1:39:49 PM · Difficulty 9.9919 · 6,511,939 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f9ed9a0502d21dbe126600453fae6221e9201ed5aa51bb5dc1b26287d9734c4f

Height

#297,353

Difficulty

9.991944

Transactions

13

Size

2.96 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdf00d

Nonce

55,154

Timestamp

12/6/2013, 1:39:49 PM

Confirmations

6,511,939

Merkle Root

48187bf517fdb4d0e5d81d3fbbbbca8df9af619fd548bc20c13035a62f2b2fc6
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.860 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68601522018674357810…70386275856964374309
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.860 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68601522018674357810…70386275856964374309
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.860 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68601522018674357810…70386275856964374311
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.372 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13720304403734871562…40772551713928748619
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.372 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13720304403734871562…40772551713928748621
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.744 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27440608807469743124…81545103427857497239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.744 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27440608807469743124…81545103427857497241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.488 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
54881217614939486248…63090206855714994479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.488 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
54881217614939486248…63090206855714994481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.097 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10976243522987897249…26180413711429988959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,718,405 XPM·at block #6,809,291 · updates every 60s
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