Block #297,185

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2013, 11:22:41 AM · Difficulty 9.9919 · 6,512,504 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
bd602a790360cceca765bd29287176ad040ef6f241e8f93181feec442de1d87f

Height

#297,185

Difficulty

9.991889

Transactions

8

Size

3.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdec71

Nonce

57,845

Timestamp

12/6/2013, 11:22:41 AM

Confirmations

6,512,504

Merkle Root

f8fa67f568625c5cd81582692427367c12b3a5f50a8d3b40dbf92fb50ff4681a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.004 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10046901162614604121…18137877326149386239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.004 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10046901162614604121…18137877326149386239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.004 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10046901162614604121…18137877326149386241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.009 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20093802325229208242…36275754652298772479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.009 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20093802325229208242…36275754652298772481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.018 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
40187604650458416484…72551509304597544959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.018 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
40187604650458416484…72551509304597544961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.037 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
80375209300916832968…45103018609195089919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.037 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
80375209300916832968…45103018609195089921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.607 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16075041860183366593…90206037218390179839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,721,588 XPM·at block #6,809,688 · updates every 60s
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