Block #296,769

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2013, 5:22:24 AM · Difficulty 9.9918 · 6,512,840 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b3b8b419710ab0b23ecf37e4a7cd07e9547c5b66506324effd2dad16bfad8db5

Height

#296,769

Difficulty

9.991786

Transactions

11

Size

3.78 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fde5ae

Nonce

120,192

Timestamp

12/6/2013, 5:22:24 AM

Confirmations

6,512,840

Merkle Root

c0ff57cefee30798cbffa1cbfacb30e4ff5fe82176a2f9e67a1ca48369c0464f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.010 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10103245748460820800…93816878884649692159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.010 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10103245748460820800…93816878884649692159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.010 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10103245748460820800…93816878884649692161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.020 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20206491496921641600…87633757769299384319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.020 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20206491496921641600…87633757769299384321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.041 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
40412982993843283201…75267515538598768639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.041 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
40412982993843283201…75267515538598768641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.082 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
80825965987686566402…50535031077197537279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.082 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
80825965987686566402…50535031077197537281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.616 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
16165193197537313280…01070062154395074559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.616 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
16165193197537313280…01070062154395074561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,720,948 XPM·at block #6,809,608 · updates every 60s
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