Block #296,718

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2013, 4:39:28 AM · Difficulty 9.9918 · 6,511,134 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1aeb8e15da5f85edfb7f8ea11964170892d543c068a7405bc38341ee3a65dc93

Height

#296,718

Difficulty

9.991771

Transactions

13

Size

10.21 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fde4b4

Nonce

40,786

Timestamp

12/6/2013, 4:39:28 AM

Confirmations

6,511,134

Merkle Root

e4729cb3af4e88289201fc3a316ad4e36186eceb1380816e73d494dbf3152b5c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.442 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
14424758231383827492…52748272587934110399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.442 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
14424758231383827492…52748272587934110399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.442 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
14424758231383827492…52748272587934110401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.884 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
28849516462767654985…05496545175868220799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.884 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
28849516462767654985…05496545175868220801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.769 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
57699032925535309970…10993090351736441599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.769 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
57699032925535309970…10993090351736441601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.153 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
11539806585107061994…21986180703472883199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.153 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
11539806585107061994…21986180703472883201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.307 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
23079613170214123988…43972361406945766399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,706,856 XPM·at block #6,807,851 · updates every 60s
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