Block #296,691

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2013, 4:17:08 AM · Difficulty 9.9918 · 6,509,879 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
73b86961dfc3d5186d267ff2f7ad6b5ac4845eddda79673bc71c3e9072bcf6eb

Height

#296,691

Difficulty

9.991763

Transactions

18

Size

5.84 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fde429

Nonce

2,488

Timestamp

12/6/2013, 4:17:08 AM

Confirmations

6,509,879

Merkle Root

3b69c4a99f78e94eb02f7906a3f2dfec2495bb4b63faaf8b3f5d30449f84863a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.385 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23859754084795824734…46076197790174603519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.385 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23859754084795824734…46076197790174603519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.385 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23859754084795824734…46076197790174603521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.771 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47719508169591649469…92152395580349207039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.771 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47719508169591649469…92152395580349207041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.543 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
95439016339183298939…84304791160698414079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.543 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
95439016339183298939…84304791160698414081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.908 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19087803267836659787…68609582321396828159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.908 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19087803267836659787…68609582321396828161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.817 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38175606535673319575…37219164642793656319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.817 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38175606535673319575…37219164642793656321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,696,657 XPM·at block #6,806,569 · updates every 60s
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