Block #296,686

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2013, 4:14:03 AM · Difficulty 9.9918 · 6,534,168 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8a0963b17ceeb531c471f8b9dbb7e7e2c69d49d86b3807ec714adcce8f6cff60

Height

#296,686

Difficulty

9.991761

Transactions

14

Size

4.07 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fde40f

Nonce

361,614

Timestamp

12/6/2013, 4:14:03 AM

Confirmations

6,534,168

Merkle Root

a74421642d47647b7e607e1dff81e076416246d97bcc7b2e697e37e3e055cf1d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.182 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31827489504810892243…50186711639236313919
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.182 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31827489504810892243…50186711639236313919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.182 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31827489504810892243…50186711639236313921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.365 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
63654979009621784487…00373423278472627839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.365 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
63654979009621784487…00373423278472627841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.273 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12730995801924356897…00746846556945255679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.273 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12730995801924356897…00746846556945255681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.546 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25461991603848713794…01493693113890511359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.546 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25461991603848713794…01493693113890511361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.092 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50923983207697427589…02987386227781022719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.092 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50923983207697427589…02987386227781022721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,890,968 XPM·at block #6,830,853 · updates every 60s
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