Block #296,611

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2013, 3:03:05 AM · Difficulty 9.9918 · 6,511,138 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b683e2a20cc24041857980b843cfdcbf225cef0c4855d12dd357efa0c6a6cfd9

Height

#296,611

Difficulty

9.991751

Transactions

12

Size

4.64 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fde362

Nonce

45,292

Timestamp

12/6/2013, 3:03:05 AM

Confirmations

6,511,138

Merkle Root

498b3ce3fa96ddf49a48b5fb99b65544568e51aa3292837de6368a90f1635d7c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.968 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29683722722438640256…85528046630556934719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.968 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29683722722438640256…85528046630556934719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.968 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29683722722438640256…85528046630556934721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.936 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
59367445444877280512…71056093261113869439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.936 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
59367445444877280512…71056093261113869441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.187 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11873489088975456102…42112186522227738879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.187 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11873489088975456102…42112186522227738881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.374 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23746978177950912205…84224373044455477759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.374 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23746978177950912205…84224373044455477761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.749 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
47493956355901824410…68448746088910955519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.749 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
47493956355901824410…68448746088910955521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,706,020 XPM·at block #6,807,748 · updates every 60s
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