Block #296,593

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2013, 2:50:24 AM · Difficulty 9.9917 · 6,509,175 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8b7eacbaf3185c202b0521531621b5d80684deb57c4deaf99d2d2d606c7d7bce

Height

#296,593

Difficulty

9.991741

Transactions

9

Size

2.59 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fde2bf

Nonce

10,910

Timestamp

12/6/2013, 2:50:24 AM

Confirmations

6,509,175

Merkle Root

20dd2a8e5328fd648ec4e8893ee2d983e77456951ecd7a2614b881fdf2b46531
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.791 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
87912484349531102114…00470582873385389359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.791 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
87912484349531102114…00470582873385389359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.791 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
87912484349531102114…00470582873385389361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.758 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17582496869906220422…00941165746770778719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.758 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17582496869906220422…00941165746770778721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.516 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35164993739812440845…01882331493541557439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.516 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35164993739812440845…01882331493541557441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.032 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70329987479624881691…03764662987083114879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.032 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70329987479624881691…03764662987083114881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.406 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14065997495924976338…07529325974166229759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.406 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14065997495924976338…07529325974166229761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,690,228 XPM·at block #6,805,767 · updates every 60s
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