Block #296,312

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/5/2013, 10:57:39 PM · Difficulty 9.9917 · 6,510,058 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
de82c1bf63c1fb7eb6201352c38cceeee9011d953dc06788c03895efe533642b

Height

#296,312

Difficulty

9.991654

Transactions

8

Size

4.94 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fddd09

Nonce

68,024

Timestamp

12/5/2013, 10:57:39 PM

Confirmations

6,510,058

Merkle Root

4202a4f82f47f5408fb56a232f61eb4cae98946aabbae46f825d10fab8e7476d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.022 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
80229201519023251102…03781521929754759099
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.022 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
80229201519023251102…03781521929754759099
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.022 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
80229201519023251102…03781521929754759101
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.604 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
16045840303804650220…07563043859509518199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.604 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
16045840303804650220…07563043859509518201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.209 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
32091680607609300441…15126087719019036399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.209 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
32091680607609300441…15126087719019036401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.418 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
64183361215218600882…30252175438038072799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.418 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
64183361215218600882…30252175438038072801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.283 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12836672243043720176…60504350876076145599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,695,048 XPM·at block #6,806,369 · updates every 60s
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