Block #296,283

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/5/2013, 10:34:31 PM · Difficulty 9.9916 · 6,511,898 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a9f128d44afc9d8fdd8d4ee1d31d9ac917003c30e54270d7bf139f8bcd1de687

Height

#296,283

Difficulty

9.991643

Transactions

23

Size

5.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fddc51

Nonce

12,956

Timestamp

12/5/2013, 10:34:31 PM

Confirmations

6,511,898

Merkle Root

77b9f726d7dff1568df2b34bf87e66d1c011fbb591fdaa0d21b7f238bd70298e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.958 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19585709501397770178…68922827849655111999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.958 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19585709501397770178…68922827849655111999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.958 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19585709501397770178…68922827849655112001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.917 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
39171419002795540357…37845655699310223999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.917 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
39171419002795540357…37845655699310224001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.834 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
78342838005591080715…75691311398620447999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.834 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
78342838005591080715…75691311398620448001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.566 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15668567601118216143…51382622797240895999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.566 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15668567601118216143…51382622797240896001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.133 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31337135202236432286…02765245594481791999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,709,497 XPM·at block #6,808,180 · updates every 60s
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