Block #296,150

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/5/2013, 8:23:23 PM · Difficulty 9.9916 · 6,498,219 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5755bf8d705eeeaddd4bf0d738f51b48aa2d70232b51e83abbfb18c13925a140

Height

#296,150

Difficulty

9.991636

Transactions

15

Size

4.84 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fddbde

Nonce

123,423

Timestamp

12/5/2013, 8:23:23 PM

Confirmations

6,498,219

Merkle Root

6db534f8be0a75dacd04ffc91a1e24a0aff59803385c4979aace93635bbabd22
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.614 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
46140585964805820503…99933058047386138599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.614 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
46140585964805820503…99933058047386138599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.614 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
46140585964805820503…99933058047386138601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.228 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
92281171929611641006…99866116094772277199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.228 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
92281171929611641006…99866116094772277201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.845 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18456234385922328201…99732232189544554399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.845 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18456234385922328201…99732232189544554401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.691 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36912468771844656402…99464464379089108799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.691 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36912468771844656402…99464464379089108801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.382 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
73824937543689312805…98928928758178217599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,598,986 XPM·at block #6,794,368 · updates every 60s
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