Block #295,801

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/5/2013, 3:38:15 PM · Difficulty 9.9915 · 6,522,131 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9a24085dd36421cc78e453d48ca55061f1dbe063accbc40a55361ff58b80e043

Height

#295,801

Difficulty

9.991517

Transactions

21

Size

9.84 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdd412

Nonce

69,302

Timestamp

12/5/2013, 3:38:15 PM

Confirmations

6,522,131

Merkle Root

5c5d73fb8853df17338a5a037733b1e9d6bcba9b521daf5471502ba10b37b45a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.203 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
52030833975072422958…38194093538976181759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.203 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
52030833975072422958…38194093538976181759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.203 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
52030833975072422958…38194093538976181761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.040 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10406166795014484591…76388187077952363519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.040 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10406166795014484591…76388187077952363521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.081 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20812333590028969183…52776374155904727039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.081 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20812333590028969183…52776374155904727041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.162 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
41624667180057938366…05552748311809454079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.162 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
41624667180057938366…05552748311809454081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.324 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
83249334360115876733…11105496623618908159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.324 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
83249334360115876733…11105496623618908161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.664 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16649866872023175346…22210993247237816319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,787,523 XPM·at block #6,817,931 · updates every 60s
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