Block #295,388

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/5/2013, 10:11:15 AM · Difficulty 9.9914 · 6,530,866 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c24713d597784637203397101ee84e905c72493dfe51acad551f430d56e3a254

Height

#295,388

Difficulty

9.991358

Transactions

13

Size

7.79 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdc9a3

Nonce

6,619

Timestamp

12/5/2013, 10:11:15 AM

Confirmations

6,530,866

Merkle Root

151b6a275bfb4d1f0960bb878948291a0cc45ca53d710d9e3faac69cc57ac11a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.656 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96564915041340425547…16962009921552179199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.656 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96564915041340425547…16962009921552179199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.656 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96564915041340425547…16962009921552179201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.931 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19312983008268085109…33924019843104358399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.931 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19312983008268085109…33924019843104358401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.862 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38625966016536170218…67848039686208716799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.862 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38625966016536170218…67848039686208716801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.725 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77251932033072340437…35696079372417433599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.725 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77251932033072340437…35696079372417433601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.545 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15450386406614468087…71392158744834867199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.545 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15450386406614468087…71392158744834867201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,854,166 XPM·at block #6,826,253 · updates every 60s
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