Block #294,916

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/5/2013, 3:51:13 AM · Difficulty 9.9912 · 6,516,181 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e9f9151eb98d07de176d5bd5e91c4e1e8719fbb57ce8e8e558f4b9925b8249c9

Height

#294,916

Difficulty

9.991179

Transactions

22

Size

9.97 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdbdee

Nonce

16,115

Timestamp

12/5/2013, 3:51:13 AM

Confirmations

6,516,181

Merkle Root

90694aeaeb764a625d8e3ae1e86aa385f4aec252dc3057abe14b1ff1aae9cf5d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.942 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
69425333111751214715…14225218966223999999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.942 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
69425333111751214715…14225218966223999999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.942 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
69425333111751214715…14225218966224000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.388 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13885066622350242943…28450437932447999999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.388 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13885066622350242943…28450437932448000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.777 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27770133244700485886…56900875864895999999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.777 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27770133244700485886…56900875864896000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.554 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
55540266489400971772…13801751729791999999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.554 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
55540266489400971772…13801751729792000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.110 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11108053297880194354…27603503459583999999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.110 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11108053297880194354…27603503459584000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,732,884 XPM·at block #6,811,096 · updates every 60s
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