Block #2,946,882

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/1/2018, 5:04:26 AM · Difficulty 11.3954 · 3,887,078 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ad0410cb3972ac0abc6d8a80cae590ca9e9c89788fca8b0cd1d5a71287f13798

Height

#2,946,882

Difficulty

11.395445

Transactions

37

Size

10.75 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b653be0

Nonce

103,994,011

Timestamp

12/1/2018, 5:04:26 AM

Confirmations

3,887,078

Merkle Root

72fa3fa0a882320da87b452d65b0401b7a6cea036dfd81a11ad30fb7c5bbbdf3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.724 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
87241388507308213616…52347872609256079359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.724 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
87241388507308213616…52347872609256079359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.724 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
87241388507308213616…52347872609256079361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.744 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
17448277701461642723…04695745218512158719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.744 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
17448277701461642723…04695745218512158721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.489 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
34896555402923285446…09391490437024317439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.489 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
34896555402923285446…09391490437024317441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.979 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
69793110805846570893…18782980874048634879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.979 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
69793110805846570893…18782980874048634881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.395 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13958622161169314178…37565961748097269759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.395 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13958622161169314178…37565961748097269761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.791 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
27917244322338628357…75131923496194539519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,915,908 XPM·at block #6,833,959 · updates every 60s
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