Block #2,944,834

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/29/2018, 7:03:50 PM · Difficulty 11.3942 · 3,891,955 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
93afe2aaec276c551fe69e1c8c5909ee40adbf83937495c830734012eb9b8164

Height

#2,944,834

Difficulty

11.394231

Transactions

36

Size

9.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b64ec56

Nonce

832,356,482

Timestamp

11/29/2018, 7:03:50 PM

Confirmations

3,891,955

Merkle Root

69b3fed6bd0e957a982d1ccb627ac947fa40abab192ca20475246572275f7600
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.486 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44860829340360365919…04121587739509729279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.486 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44860829340360365919…04121587739509729279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.486 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44860829340360365919…04121587739509729281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.972 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
89721658680720731839…08243175479019458559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.972 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
89721658680720731839…08243175479019458561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.794 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17944331736144146367…16486350958038917119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.794 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17944331736144146367…16486350958038917121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.588 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
35888663472288292735…32972701916077834239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.588 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
35888663472288292735…32972701916077834241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.177 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
71777326944576585471…65945403832155668479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.177 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
71777326944576585471…65945403832155668481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.435 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14355465388915317094…31890807664311336959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,938,592 XPM·at block #6,836,788 · updates every 60s
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