Block #294,284

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/4/2013, 7:19:53 PM · Difficulty 9.9909 · 6,515,560 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c918b8e41af136c6cc6b1d6595a89247fc45e143f96506d74e005406fb5961d2

Height

#294,284

Difficulty

9.990946

Transactions

29

Size

36.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdae9d

Nonce

36,433

Timestamp

12/4/2013, 7:19:53 PM

Confirmations

6,515,560

Merkle Root

03e7c69b123387bd291cb5a332951ba7f5b40d65c93921df82a22e44be6b5f41
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.052 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20525081417241921381…66096100598216476399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.052 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20525081417241921381…66096100598216476399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.052 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20525081417241921381…66096100598216476401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.105 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41050162834483842762…32192201196432952799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.105 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41050162834483842762…32192201196432952801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.210 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
82100325668967685524…64384402392865905599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.210 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
82100325668967685524…64384402392865905601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.642 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16420065133793537104…28768804785731811199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.642 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16420065133793537104…28768804785731811201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.284 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32840130267587074209…57537609571463622399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.284 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32840130267587074209…57537609571463622401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,722,840 XPM·at block #6,809,843 · updates every 60s
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