Block #294,190

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/4/2013, 5:58:18 PM · Difficulty 9.9909 · 6,523,189 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cf94dd264eb75c2035d82c437a90c36b617d43343564b6c9ef57cd1a8e004dd5

Height

#294,190

Difficulty

9.990918

Transactions

11

Size

2.98 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdacd0

Nonce

223,131

Timestamp

12/4/2013, 5:58:18 PM

Confirmations

6,523,189

Merkle Root

57ddc74e83ab0a24f66e1093fdc91a45e9c33810015f1567edbbc6178eecc22a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.136 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
41361668290030207634…36582910573631590399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.136 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
41361668290030207634…36582910573631590399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.136 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
41361668290030207634…36582910573631590401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.272 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82723336580060415269…73165821147263180799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.272 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82723336580060415269…73165821147263180801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.654 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16544667316012083053…46331642294526361599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.654 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16544667316012083053…46331642294526361601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.308 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33089334632024166107…92663284589052723199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.308 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33089334632024166107…92663284589052723201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.617 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
66178669264048332215…85326569178105446399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.617 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
66178669264048332215…85326569178105446401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,783,073 XPM·at block #6,817,378 · updates every 60s
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