Block #294,180

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/4/2013, 5:50:35 PM · Difficulty 9.9909 · 6,513,664 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
61600405a795ddf8c72fc8e8bd048f374f70ca391e2cbed1c21caa2f5666a4a3

Height

#294,180

Difficulty

9.990913

Transactions

20

Size

5.50 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdac7d

Nonce

18,730

Timestamp

12/4/2013, 5:50:35 PM

Confirmations

6,513,664

Merkle Root

a6db866d0f36fb59b445a7f156bcba1b5903d314276200f7c99e96bdcf96fcf2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.636 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26364111698332219127…58616290847304196039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.636 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26364111698332219127…58616290847304196039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.636 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26364111698332219127…58616290847304196041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.272 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
52728223396664438255…17232581694608392079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.272 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
52728223396664438255…17232581694608392081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.054 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10545644679332887651…34465163389216784159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.054 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10545644679332887651…34465163389216784161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.109 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21091289358665775302…68930326778433568319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.109 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21091289358665775302…68930326778433568321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.218 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
42182578717331550604…37860653556867136639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.218 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
42182578717331550604…37860653556867136641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,706,790 XPM·at block #6,807,843 · updates every 60s
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