Block #294,157

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/4/2013, 5:29:12 PM · Difficulty 9.9909 · 6,501,947 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
67e79a7dd86648735927988ba7eae746a93c0a9039a67ada3165d719544365eb

Height

#294,157

Difficulty

9.990911

Transactions

1

Size

1.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fdac60

Nonce

213,497

Timestamp

12/4/2013, 5:29:12 PM

Confirmations

6,501,947

Merkle Root

1e2c07b835090322da3b35898e381bcd2efdebaa5b8cee4262641a79f5661a89
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.023 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
10238952234888493646…93055039498862553781
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.023 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
10238952234888493646…93055039498862553781
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.047 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
20477904469776987293…86110078997725107561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.095 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
40955808939553974587…72220157995450215121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
8.191 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
81911617879107949174…44440315990900430241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.638 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
16382323575821589834…88880631981800860481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.276 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
32764647151643179669…77761263963601720961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
6.552 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
65529294303286359339…55522527927203441921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.310 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13105858860657271867…11045055854406883841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.621 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
26211717721314543735…22090111708813767681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,612,826 XPM·at block #6,796,103 · updates every 60s
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