Block #294,044

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/4/2013, 4:03:29 PM · Difficulty 9.9909 · 6,515,356 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6135b7a9945c3424094a5d31368ae28c0569f685afc8b1d9fd644f72fd1cb0f9

Height

#294,044

Difficulty

9.990857

Transactions

12

Size

2.88 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fda8d3

Nonce

94,591

Timestamp

12/4/2013, 4:03:29 PM

Confirmations

6,515,356

Merkle Root

e25b53c044fc9d3a5d6f8bf75facde6160d72e3e8ab1ba3037fc373ed19ca5a6
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.289 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
22894373689270631628…12271303346751299429
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.289 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
22894373689270631628…12271303346751299429
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.289 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
22894373689270631628…12271303346751299431
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.578 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
45788747378541263257…24542606693502598859
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.578 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
45788747378541263257…24542606693502598861
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.157 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
91577494757082526515…49085213387005197719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.157 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
91577494757082526515…49085213387005197721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.831 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
18315498951416505303…98170426774010395439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.831 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
18315498951416505303…98170426774010395441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.663 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
36630997902833010606…96340853548020790879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.663 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
36630997902833010606…96340853548020790881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,719,273 XPM·at block #6,809,399 · updates every 60s
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