Block #293,824

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/4/2013, 1:06:25 PM · Difficulty 9.9908 · 6,517,002 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a65c63cf3a5f01b4be88bb1962e497cee8514e94ba22c092969e4fae546820b5

Height

#293,824

Difficulty

9.990771

Transactions

7

Size

2.39 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fda32d

Nonce

6,489

Timestamp

12/4/2013, 1:06:25 PM

Confirmations

6,517,002

Merkle Root

5578ddec94b52fd8ae1845c7fbc15350a6158939d3ed00bf2f7e84b6adac6015
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.226 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
92260046478134819469…51424986618633208959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.226 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
92260046478134819469…51424986618633208959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.226 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
92260046478134819469…51424986618633208961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.845 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
18452009295626963893…02849973237266417919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.845 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
18452009295626963893…02849973237266417921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.690 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
36904018591253927787…05699946474532835839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.690 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
36904018591253927787…05699946474532835841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.380 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
73808037182507855575…11399892949065671679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.380 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
73808037182507855575…11399892949065671681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.476 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
14761607436501571115…22799785898131343359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.476 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
14761607436501571115…22799785898131343361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,730,702 XPM·at block #6,810,825 · updates every 60s
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