Block #293,742

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/4/2013, 12:03:12 PM · Difficulty 9.9907 · 6,515,739 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
873565f34620b49cae16605017fd1c21294f80cc67a64c3af8f97f8b610e29ea

Height

#293,742

Difficulty

9.990723

Transactions

8

Size

2.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fda007

Nonce

1,678

Timestamp

12/4/2013, 12:03:12 PM

Confirmations

6,515,739

Merkle Root

e0f1686e306452b8f7fe53efc61992a0362ce83773247672203a50db0a3152d0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.282 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12824908883791771756…89116856588362608799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.282 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12824908883791771756…89116856588362608799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.282 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12824908883791771756…89116856588362608801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.564 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
25649817767583543512…78233713176725217599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.564 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
25649817767583543512…78233713176725217601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.129 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
51299635535167087024…56467426353450435199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.129 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
51299635535167087024…56467426353450435201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.025 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10259927107033417404…12934852706900870399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.025 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10259927107033417404…12934852706900870401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.051 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20519854214066834809…25869705413801740799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.051 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20519854214066834809…25869705413801740801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.103 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
41039708428133669619…51739410827603481599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,719,919 XPM·at block #6,809,480 · updates every 60s
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